The book is divided into 20 chapters concentrating on major areas of travel medicine. In travel medicine, it is important to keep up to date, and it should be appreciated that even textbooks will be dated on publication. Various chapters have been written by different contributors, who have an interest in that area. There are standard chapters on vaccination for travel, malaria prophylaxis and prevention, travellers' diarrhoea, HIV/STDs, viral hepatitis and travellers, air travel for people with medical problems, jet lag and surviving air travel, post- travel check-up, environmental health and safety and personal protective measures against disease vectors. There are several innovative chapters including dietary advice for airline travel, working overseas, culture shock, extreme travellers, aeromedical evacuation, dental health and travel, travelling with children, the internet and travel medicine and an Epilogue: Advocacy and Research.
Primer of Travel Medicine is the culmination of many years of developing course materials for the subject, travel medicine, in conjunction with colleagues at James Cook University of North Queensland and private travel medicine consultants. The subject is often taken by students completing the Postgraduate Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (DTM&H) or the Masters degree in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (MPH&TM). Hence, students often have a background of training in tropical medicine.
For those with a special interest in travel medicine, you may wish to obtain further information on joining the International Society of Travel Medicine. The Australasian College of Tropical Medicine also has a Standing Committee on Travel Medicine. Contact details of these organisations are given in Appendix I.
Hopefully, you will find Primer of Travel Medicine a useful and easy to use general reference textbook in travel medicine.
Dr Peter A.
Leggat
EDITOR
The Primer of Travel Medicine is an ACTM Publication:
Australasian College of Tropical Medicine
P.O. Box 146
Castletown
Townsville 4812
Australia
Phone: -61-(0)77-722322
Fax: -61-(0)77-225788
Email: actm-list@jcu.edu.au
To purchase a copy of the Primer of Travel Medicine, contact Adrienne Isnard at the
Australasian College of Tropical Medicine. Copies of the Primer
will be available in early October 1997. Details of prices
will be available at that time.
CHAPTER 2: VACCINATIONS FOR
TRAVEL
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Standard vaccines
2.3 Vaccinations Recommended for all Travellers
2.4 Typhoid Vaccines
2.5 Polio Vaccines
2.6 Hepatitis A (Immune Globulin)
2.7 Hepatitis A Vaccine
2.8 Vaccinations for Areas or Situations with Special Risks
2.9 Meningitis Vaccine
2.10 Rabies Vaccine
2.11 Hepatitis B Vaccine
2.12 Yellow Fever Vaccine
2.13 Japanese B Encephalitis (JE) Vaccine
2.14 BCG Vaccine
2.15 Other Specific Vaccines
2.16 Vaccinations with Mandatory or "Legal" Status
2.17 Cholera Vaccine
2.18 Adverse Reactions Reporting
2.19 Maintaining the Cold Chain
2.20 Conclusion
2.21 References
CHAPTER 3: MALARIA PROPHYLAXIS
AND PREVENTION
3.1 Introduction
3.2 World Situation of Malaria
3.3 Criteria for giving Malarial Prophylaxis
3.4 Standby Treatment
3.5 Chloroquine
3.6 Quinine
3.7 Pyrimethamine and Dapsone
3.8 Doxycycline
3.9 Proguanil
3.10 Mefloquine
3.11 Other Medications
3.12 General Rules on Prophylaxis
3.13 Personal Protective Measures
3.14 Last Word on Malaria Prophylaxis
3.15 Radical Curative Drugs for Relapsing Malaria
3.16 References
3.17 Further Reading
CHAPTER 4: TRAVELLERS
DIARRHOEA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Aetiology
4.3 Pathogenesis
4.4 Prevention
4.5 Food Precautions
4.6 Water Precautions
4.7 Water Treatment
4.8 Chemoprophylaxis
4.9 Treatment of Travellers' Diarrhoea
4.10 Vaccines - Future Prospects
4.11 References
4.12 Further Reading
CHAPTER 5: HIV/AIDS AND STD'S
5.1 HIV/AIDS
5.2 Gonorrhoea
5,3 Chlamydia
5.4 Herpes Simplex
5.5 Chancroid
5.6 Syphilis
5.7 Conclusions
5.8 References
CHAPTER 6: VIRAL HEPATITIS AND
TRAVELLERS
6.1 Viral Hepatitis
6.2 Hepatitis B
6.3 Hepatitis C
6.4 Hepatitis A
6.5 Hepatitis E
6.6 Further Reading
CHAPTER 7: AIR TRAVEL FOR PEOPLE
WITH MEDICAL PROBLEMS
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Stresses of Air Travel
7.3 Medical Conditions to be considered
7.4 Respiratory Disease
7.5 Cardiovascular Disease
7.6 Pregnancy
7.7 ENT Disorders
7.8 Fractured Mandible
7.9 Fractured Limbs
7.10 Skull Fractures
7.11 Recent GIT Surgery or Hernia
7.12 Infectious Diseases
7.13 Diabetes
7.14 Management of Jet Lag
7.15 Disabilities
7.16 References
7.16 Further Reading
CHAPTER 8: DIETARY ADVICE FOR
TRAVELLERS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Diseases Requiring Nutritional Management
8.3 Religions and Dietary Laws
8.4 Other
8.5 Role of Dietary Supplements
8.6 Airline Special Meals
8.7 Conclusions
8.8 References
CHAPTER 9: JETLAG AND SURVIVING
AIR TRAVEL
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Airsickness or motion sickness
9.3 Sources of Stress Before Travel
9.4 Inflight Hazards
9.5 Symptoms of Jetlag
9.6 Medical Problems associated with Jetlag
9.7 Aggravating Factors for Jetlag
9.8 Relieving Factors for Jetlag
9.9 In-flight exercises
9.10 Conclusion
9.11 References
9.12 Further Reading
CHAPTER 10: WORKING OVERSEAS
AND MEDICAL KITS
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Types of Employment
10.3 Information
10.4 Medical Care and Travel Insurance
10.5 Pre-employment Medical Examinations
10.6 HIV and Other Laboratory Testing
10.7 Family
10.8 Before Leaving
10.9 Courses
10.10 Main Hazards and Decreasing the Risk
10.11 Medical Kits
10.12 Occupational Health and Safety
10.13 Working in Refugee Camps
10.14 Conclusions
10.15 References
CHAPTER 11: CULTURE
SHOCK
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Positive Assumptions about Travel
11.3 Negative Consequences of Travel
11.4 Six Aspects of Culture Shock
11.5 Some Symptoms of Culture Shock
11.6 Factors that Influence the Severity of Culture Shock
11.7 Process of Culture Shock
11.8 Health Workers and Culture Shock
11.9 Urban Health Workers moving to Rural Areas
11.10 Treatment of Culture Shock
11.11 Conclusions
11.12 References
CHAPTER 12: EXTREME TRAVELLERS:
HIGH ALTITUDE AND DIVING
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hazards of High Altitude
12.3 Fitness to Trek
12.4 Treatment of Mild Altitude Sickness
12.5 Trekking and Travel
12.6 Hypoxia
12.7 The Effects of Pressure Change
12.8 Hazards in SCUBA Diving
12.9 Otic Barotrauma
12.10 References
CHAPTER 13: AEROMEDICAL
EVACUATION
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Airway and Respiration
13.3 Circulation
13.4 Immobilisation of Fractures
13.5 Drug Treatment
13.6 Other Factors in Preparation for Patient Transfer
13.7 Specific Medical Conditions
13.8 Planning and Preparation
13.9 Conclusions
13.10 References
13.11 Further Reading
CHAPTER 14: DENTAL HEALTH AND
TRAVELLERS
14.1 Finding Dental Treatment Overseas
14.2 Pre-travel Dental Check-up
14.3 Travel Precautions following Dental Surgery
14.4 Travel Insurance and Dental Care
14.5 Dental Hygiene while Travelling
14.6 Dietary Advice for Travellers with Dental Problems
14.7 Management of Painful Teeth
14.8 Management of Broken Dentures/Teeth
14.9 Children's Teeth
14.10 Conclusion
14.11 References
CHAPTER 15: TRAVELLING WITH
CHILDREN
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Diseases Children may Encounter
15.3 Minimising the Risks
15.4 Additional Items for the Travellers' Medical Kit
15.5 Assisting in Making the Journey Less Stressful
15.6 Conclusion
15.7 References
CHAPTER 16: POST-TRAVEL CHECK-
UP
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Types of Problems
16.3 Returned Traveller Asymptomatic at Time of Review
16.4 Returned Traveller Symptomatic at Time of Review
16.5 Eosinophilia in the Returned Traveller
16.6 Conclusions
16.7 References
CHAPTER 17: THE INTERNET AND
TRAVEL MEDICINE
17.1 What is the Internet?
17.2 What Internet Tools are Useful for Travel Medicine?
17.3 Email
17.4 Databases
17.5 Databases Relevant to Travel Medicine
17.6 File Transfer Protocol
17.7 Telnet
17.8 Benefits of Internet to Travel Medicine
17.9 Problems with Internet and Travel Medicine
17.10 References
CHAPTER 18: ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Protecting Travellers in Various Climates
18.3 Prevention of Arthropod-borne Diseases and Zoonoses
18.4 Conclusions
18.5 References
CHAPTER 19: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
MEASURES AGAINST DISEASE VECTORS
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Insect Repellents
19.3 Protective Clothing
19.4 Impregnated Betnets and Curtains
19.5 Effectiveness of Personal Protective Measures
19.6 Conclusions
19.7 References
CHAPTER 20: EPILOGUE: ADVOCACY
AND RESEARCH
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Injury and Disease Prevention For Travellers
20.3 Advocating Safety and Environmental Protection amongst
Travellers
20.4 Research in Travel Medicine
20.5 Conclusion
20.6 References
APPENDICES
I. Professional Organisations
II. Courses in Travel Medicine
III. Sources of Information
INDEX 208