RDIM Terminology File Formats
File Formats
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-
RDIM
- Introduction
- RDIM Overview
- My Responsibilities
- Research Data JCU Platform
- Step 1 - Plan
- Step 2 - Manage
- Step 3 - Archive
- Step 4 - Publish
- Step 5 - Reuse
- Step 6 - Review
- Step 7 - Dispose
-
Terminology
- Access Conditions (Open, Conditional, Restricted)
- Active Data
- Active Storage and Collaboration Options
- Citations
- Collaborator
- Completed Data
- Conditional Access
- Confidentiality
- Consent
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- Custodian
- Custodianship
- Data
- Data Creator
- Data Custodian
- Data Manager
- Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- Data Package
- Data Papers
- Data Publication
- Data Record
- Data Repositories
- Data Retention
- Data Storage - Active Data or Working Data
- Data Storage - Completed Data
- Data Visualisation
- Data Wrangling (Cleaning)
- De-identifying Data
- Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- DIKW Model
- DOI Minting Services
- Embargo
- Ethics and Ethical Clearance
- FAIR Data Principles
- File Formats
- File Names
- Folder Structures
- HDR Candidate
- Information
- Intellectual Property
- JCU Researcher
- Lead Investigator
- Licensing Data
- Metadata
- Moral Rights
- Open Access
- Primary Advisor
- Primary Materials
- Privacy and Personal Information
- Repositories
- Research Data
- Research (Data and Information) Asset
- Research (Data and Information) Asset Lifecycle
- Research Data JCU Platform
- Research Data Management Plan (RDMP)
- Research Information
- Research Project
- Restricted Access
- Retention
- Retention Rules for Specific Data Types
- Sensitive Data
- Storage
- Supporting Documents
- Triangulation, Data Linkage and Integrating Authorities
- Version Control
- Working Data
- Wrangling (Cleaning) Data
- Frequently Asked Questions
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- Contextual Science for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems
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- Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine
- Clinical Psychedelic Research Lab
A file format is the structure of a file that tells a program how to display its contents e.g., Microsoft Word documents are saved in the .docx format.
Researchers may need to use different file formats at different stages in the Research (Data and Management) Asset Lifecycle but for long-term preservation, will need to be stored in a durable format. This ensures files can be opened by future users, perhaps long after the research project has concluded.Where possible, it is recommended to:
USE
- Formats endorsed by standards agencies such as Standards Australia, ISO
- Open formats developed and maintained by communities of interest such as OpenDocument Format
- Lossless formats
- Formats widely used within a given discipline
AVOID
- Proprietary formats
- File format and software obsolescence
Researchers may need to use software that does not save data in a durable format due to discipline-specific or other requirements e.g. specialised programs to capture or generate data. In these circumstances, data needs to be exported to a more durable format such as plain text (if this can be done without losing data integrity) and include it alongside the original files when archiving e.g. export .csv files from SPSS (with value labels) and archive them alongside the .sav files.
Some examples of preferred formats for data archiving are:
- CSV OR Excel spreadsheet (.xlsx) AND OpenDocument Spreadsheet (.ods)
- Plain text (.txt) OR Word document (.docx) AND Rich text (.rtf), PDF/A or OpenDocument Text (.odt)
- Geospatial data: ESRI shapefile (.shp, .shx, .dbf), Geo-referenced TIFF (.tif) and ESRI ASCII Grid (.asc)
- Image files: lossless formats (.tif or .raw) preferred
- Video: MPEG-4 (.mp4)
- Audio: Free Lossless Audio Codec (.flac)
It is also important to document 'data capture' and 'storage formats' as well as 'software' used and their versions – refer to Metadata for further information.
The UK Data Service maintains a list of recommended and acceptable formats for agencies, researchers and others depositing social, economic and population data in their collection.
Packaged files can be used for archiving large collections of heterogenous datasets with some provisos:
- Use archives with extensions .zip or .tar
- Zip the data without any data compression
- If possible, avoid encrypting the files
- Be aware that very large packages may be difficult to open from a browser - ETH-Bibliothek recommends packages of less than 2GB
- Avoid long path lengths in your folder structure. Long file names combined with a detailed folder hierarchy may lead to path lengths exceeding 256 characters. This hampers further processing in Windows and WinZip cannot unpack such containers.